Ancient Classical History Study Guides

History Of The Sport Of Gymnastics - 1235 Words

Gymnastics has been around over 2000 years (History of the Sport of Gymnastics). People have done gymnastics for various reasons, including to have a good time, compete against other gymnasts’, and to get in shape. Gymnastics has played a unique and vital role in American History. It was used to get men ready for war. The skills that it involves is very important to those going to battle. The running, mounting, jumping, and dismounting was all important to learn before going to war (History of Gymnastics | ISport.com). It combines grace, beauty, and strength. It is now a popular Olympic Sport. According to the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association there are approximately 4.5 million gymnasts in the United States. Seventy-one percent of the gymnasts are females (Deusen). Males do participate in gymnastics, but a lot of the gymnasts’ are female. Gymnastics originated from Greece. In Greece, they used the skills like running, mounting, jumping, and dismounting to get men ready for war. (History of Gymnastics | ISport.com). It is unique that a sport like gymnastics was used to get men ready for war. Our men needed to go out there and be able to keep up a fight. Gymnastics did that for them. It was later introduced to the United States in 1830 by immigrants. Their names’ were Charles Beck, Charles Follen, and Francis Lieber. Once it was introduced, it grew from there. People began to do gymnastics and use it for various reasons. It became so popular that it wasShow MoreRelatedIs Watching Gymnastics Worse Than Being An Nfl Fan?1164 Words   |  5 Pagescontrolling their bodies. I loved watching gymnastics and always wanted to try the sport. However, when I saw the passage â€Å"Is Watching Gymnastics Worse than Being an NFL Fan?† written by O’Rourke, I was astonished by the author’s doubts to the sport. In the article, the author talks about the development of gymnastics and emphasizes its sexual and emotionally abusive history. In her opinion, gymnastics is bad for female athletes and she doesn’t enjoy watching the sport as she used to. However, I don’t thinkRead MoreAnalyzing The Gymnastics Scoring System Essay1473 Words   |   6 PagesGymnastics started out as just an exercise program of different moves in Greece. The modernization of gymnastics began in the late 1700s, its been around for about 2,000 years. This is one of the oldest forms of exercise in the world. The scores are completely different not only because the system changed, but because the level of difficulty was also higher. In the sport of gymnastics is ‘the perfect 10’ scoring system was changed the most. For this research paper, I will be researching the gymnasticsRead MoreAnalyzing The Gymnastics Scoring System Essay1604 Words   |  7 Pagesthe gymnastics scoring system, the controversy that the scoring has created over time, and the general history of the sport. Gymnastics started out as just an exercise program of different moves in Greece. The modernization of gymnastics began in the late 1700s, its been around for about 2,000 years. This is one of the oldest forms of exercise in the world. The scores are completely different not only because the system changed, but because the level of difficulty was also higher. In the sport ofRead MoreIs Cheerleading a Sport?669 Words   |  3 PagesIs Cheerleading a Sport? The first intercollegiate American Football game was played between Princeton university and Rutgers University in 1869, and cheerleading began in the 1880s with Princetons all-male pep club. In 1923, women were allowed to become cheerleaders at the University of Minnesota, and during the 1920s, cheerleaders added acrobatics to the cheers (Being a Cheerleader). The first Cheerleading National Championship was held in 1982, hosted by the Universal Cheerleaders AssociationRead MoreGymnastics Is A Competitive Sport1688 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Oxford Dictionaries, the formal definition of gymnastics is Exercises developing or displaying physical agility and coordination. The modern sport of gymnastics typically involves exercises on uneven bars, balance beam, floor, and vaulting horse for women, and horizontal and parallel bars, rings, floor, and pommel horse for men. Gymnastics is a competitive sport in which gymnasts perform acrobatic feats such as leaps, flips, turns, handstands and choreographed routines. These acrobaticsRead MoreThe Historical Development And Influences On Physical Education1707 Words   |  7 PagesEugene Pring S3547404 Times are Changing: The History of Physical Education in Australia Topic: Discuss the historical development and influences on Physical Education in Australia and how this has impacted on the current Physical Education programs in Victoria, Australia OHTH2122 Teaching Methods of Health Physical Education 1B Lecturer: Kate Jenkinson Part B - Essay Response (30%) Due: 4pm Tuesday 25th August 2015 (Week 6) Word Count: words. Submitted to the School ofRead MoreThe Sport Of Modern Gymnastics1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe sport of gymnastics has its origins in early Greek civilization where physical fitness was a very important characteristic. Gymnastics was extremely popular among the men and women of Greece as it was one of the main activities for individuals to attain his or her physical prowess. Gymnastics was more of a leisure activity for the Greeks, but not until the rise of the Roman Empire did it become more of a formal sport. The sport remained popular in the Roman Empire, but when the empire fellRead MoreSelf Presentation Is Described As Playing Out A Self1273 Words   |  6 PagesSelf-presentation can be looked at as calculated choices, choices that are made under certain circumstances in order to appeal to certain groups or others. For example, when Jordan overheard his uncle Bernie and his friends making fun of him for doing gymnastics he decided to get into basketball again to please his uncle. Another example is Briana, when her mother wants her to be more tough and aggressive when she’s out on the field she begins to do so because she’s wants to please her mother. AccordingRead MoreWhy I Should Become A Physician Assistant868 Words   |  4 Pageswas consumed with the sport of gymnastics. I remember the rush I would get as it was my turn to compete in front of the cheering crowd. In those moments nothing else mattered; just me, the chalk on my calloused hands and the equipment in front of me. I have competed in gymnastics ever since I was five years old. I spent six days a week in the gym practicing all year round and even volunteered part of my time to a community program teaching gymnastics to children. Gymnastics had a tremendous roleRead MoreTaking a Look at Title IX1864 Words   |  7 Pagescollege where as females do not. They tell you to be a cheerleader or work in the kitchen and stay at home, but in your heart you are a competitor and have a passion for sports. This is a feeling that many females felt before Title IX; was explicated to give female’s gender equality in sports. Title IX has positively affected women’s s ports over the years, but can negatively impact men’s teams, especially within the collegiate field. Title IX has changed budgeting and participation numbers between males

Cultural Diversity in Nibelungenlied, Beowulf, and Essay Example For Students

Cultural Diversity in Nibelungenlied, Beowulf, and Essay Gilgamesh comparison compare contrast essays Cultural Diversity in The Nibelungenlied, Beowulf, and Gilgamesh Cultural diversity is something that mankind has experienced since the dawn of time. Different cultures and different people have different views on the same issues, and it all adds to the diversity that is life. It shows that there is something for everybody. For the most part, there is no one person saying that everyone has to be this or follow that. A persons culture is determined on how they are brought up, what country they live in, how their parents were raised, and what the people around them do and believe in. The differences in culture is what caused people of later time to believe in more that one God, something that, for the most part, is unheard of today. It lead to Feudalism and the divine right to the throne. Different people are brought up to think different things, and the things people learn as a child stick with them forever. Culture is also based on choice, and every person has the choice to do whatever makes them happy. So much is know about culture now because it has been recorded in books such as Gilgamesh, Beowulf, and The Nibelungenlied. Three different books displaying cultural views from three different time periods. And it is with works like these that modern scholars and historians can examine what the people and times were like back then. Two books with a similar time period were those of The Nibelungenlied and Beowulf, both placed in 6th century Europe, one based in England and the other in Germany. Both cultures had a history of war, almost a passion for it. The English had no fear for what they might battle, and knew the consequences like every skilled knight should: However great an army we take, the Queen has such dreadful ways that they would all have to die through her arrogance. (The Nigelungenlied, Ch. 6, pg. 54) But knights had to know the risk involved in being one of the best, and the sacrifices that needed to be made to put their country on top. And it has been shown that both cultures took pride in their work: Then the king ordered eight gold-bridled horses to be led onto the floor, into the enclosure; on one of them was a saddle skillfully decorated, ornamented with jewels. (Beowulf, lines 1036-1038). It can be seen in both Beowulf and The Niblungenlied that the quest for expansion of ones country is one of importance. During the Middle Ages, kings dreamed of owning large amounts of land, and in both books this is clear. But, in Gilgamesh, the mode changes drastically from one of expansion to one of finding inner peace, something that can not be found by fighting and rule. Gilgamesh had lost the only person that meant everything to him, and didnt know how to cope: For being human holds a special grief Of privacy within the universe That yearns and waits to be retouched By someone who can take away The memory of death. (Gilgamesh, pg. 54) His goal in life was one that no ordinary person could obtain. He was searching for life, almost immortality. The ability to breath life into something that has long since faded. But, later on, he realizes that it is his life, his inner peace, that he needs, not that of a friend. One thing that maintains a difference between cultures is the time in which the culture exists. Different time periods have different technologies, philosophies, thinkers, and leaders. People often think of new times as better times, a chance to start anew with information you have gathered from past mistakes. Another thing that differs is location. Location, even of a short distance, can show many differences in the culture. By viewing the cultures religion, one can see how these things differ, even within the same time period. .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd , .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd .postImageUrl , .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd , .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd:hover , .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd:visited , .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd:active { border:0!important; } .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd:active , .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5bbd9455c3f3879ff979258c3c0662fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: the locol Essay In the 6th century, the English practiced Christianity, and worshipped in temples, man made structures to help one get closer with God. They felt these were more important than just finding a place to worship. The Germanic tribes, however, practiced polytheism and worshipped in structures built .

Nozick Essays - Deontological Ethics, American Philosophers

Nozick According to Nozick there are three sets of rules of justice, defining: 1. how things not previously possessed by anyone may be acquired; 2. how possession may be transferred from one person to another; and 3. what must be done to rectify injustices arising from violations of (1) and (2). A distribution is just if it has arisen in accordance with these three sets of rules. See pp. 151-2. Nozick does not try to specify in detail the rules under the above three headings ('I shall not attempt that task here', p. 153). However, he does give some further information on rules of acquisition; see p. 174ff. He follows John Locke who as Nozick interprets him held that a person has a right (1) to own what he makes, and (2) to appropriate anything not already owned, provided he leaves 'enough and as good' for others - i.e. provided his appropriation leaves them no worse off. (Nozick calls this the 'Lockean proviso'.) It is not clear how Nozick would defend (1) against his own criticisms of Locke (p. 174-5). As for (2), he points out that the proviso cannot reasonably be taken to mean that there can be no worsening of others' opportunities to appropriate; it must mean that in other respects they are no worse off. Nozick raises the question 'No worse than they would be how?' What is the baseline? In Rawls's theory the representative worst-off person must be no worse off than he would be under any other possible arrangement. Nozick rejects this, but does not define another baseline: 'This question of fixing a baseline needs more detailed investigation that we are able to give it here'; p. 177. However, 'whether or not Locke's particular theory of appropriation can be spelled out so as to handle various difficulties, I assume that any adequate theory of Justice in acquisition will contain a proviso similar to the weaker of the ones we have attributed to Locke'; p. 178. Nozick says that the proviso is violated if a person appropriates all of something necessary to life - or purchases it, or combines with the other owners of it, or finds himself the sole owner when other supplies are lost (e.g. when all the other water holes dry up). Nozick refers to the possibility of losing entitlement to something that was originally yours because of developments since, such as the drying up of other waterholes, as the 'historical shadow' of the Lockean proviso; p. 180. Comparison with Rawls's Theory Nozick classifies theories of justice as (1) either end-result or historical, and (2) either patterned or unpatterned. The entitlement theory is historical and unpatterned. It does not demand that the distribution resulting from just acquisitions, transfers and rectifications be patterned, i.e. correlated with anything else (such as moral merit, need, usefulness to society); people may be entitled to things got by chance or gift. Any distribution, irrespective of any pattern it may or may not have, is just provided it has the appropriate history, provided it did in fact come about in accordance with the rules of acquisition, transfer and rectification. Rawls's theory on the other hand, is an end-result theory. Choice of principles behind a 'veil of ignorance', must be based on calculations about what people are likely to end up with under the various possible sets of principles - there is no other way of choosing (is there?); p. 202. Therefore if any historical entitlement theory is correct, Rawls's approach is wrong. Notice that this imposes on Rawls in the job of showing that no possible version of an historical entitlement theory could be correct. He might reply that he intends to stick to his own theory until someone actually produces a correct entitlement theory; Nozick has not, because his theory is merely a sketch with many important details not worked out. Nozick points out (p. 207 ff) an analogy between his own entitlement theory and the process by which in Rawls's theory the rules of justice are arrived at. Rawls specifies an initial situation and a process of deliberation, and say that whatever rules results from this are the rules of justice; similarly Nozick specifies a process, and says that whatever distribution results is just. 'Each theory specifies starting points and processes of transformation, and each accepts whatever comes out'. But Rawls's process for generating principles cannot generate process principles, but only end-result principles. Nozick says that this is ironic. It presents a dilemma: if processes are 'so great', it is a defect that the process cannot lead to process principles of justice; if processes are

Slavery Fair Trade Coffee Essay

Slavery Fair Trade Coffee Essay Slavery: Fair Trade Coffee Essay Casey Trejo Professor Kanu Contemporary Slavery 1 March 2014 Coffee The trading system that the whole world navigates proves to be one that is very complex with rules and regulations set upon the process. Workers, management, and people need to follow policies so that their businesses and corporations do not get put under scrutiny and investigated. Fair trade is a movement that is aimed to support producers to make better trading conditions and financial support in developing countries. The fair Trade is needed because around the world there are countries whose workers are being pushed to their own limits just so the companies can get as much work out of them to make a dollar. The massive coffee industry proves to have its up and downs while trying to abide by the Fair Trade policies. Many people do not know what exactly fair trade is and it is important that the world starts to get a grasp on it. Fair trade is a trading partnership that is based on dialogue, transparency and respect which seeks fairness in the international trade. It works to wards making better working conditions, better source of pay, and for securing the rights of people who are working under these companies. There are multiple campaigns that are being held to raise the awareness for changes in the rules and practice for conventional international trade. Looking past the whole trading sense of it, fair trade is really looking for the greater justice in the world and more of a practice in conventional trade. This movement can be recognized by the WFTO logo. To be certified as Fairtrade farmers bring upon a wide range of costs in achieving Fair Trade. A farmer can only recover costs on the small part of their production that they can sell as fair trade certified. For example, since there is not enough demand to take all certified coffee produced, some has to be sold as uncertified. Also coffee farmers have to meet standards on production. There are limits on the use of child labor, pesticides, herbicides and GMO crops. Farmers have to start hiring labor instead of just using their own families and not paying any money at all. Fair Trade coffee is still a small portion of the market, but is the most popular fair trade commodity in the world. The following is an excerpt from the Organic Consumers Organization that defines the criteria for certification: â€Å"Producers FLO maintains a Coffee Producers Registry that is open to associations of small farmers as detailed above. FLO maintains field monitors in countries and regions of origin, and makes annual visits to ensure producer compliance with the Fair Trade criteria. The majority of cooperatives fulfill or surpass the requirements of FLO's criteria wholeheartedly. If producer cooperatives are found not in compliance, they can be put on probation for a period to allow for improvement, and in rare cases, dismissed from the list for serious violations. Importers and Roasters In the U.S., coffee importers and roasters must sign a licensing agreement with TransFair USA in order to sell Fair Trade Certified coffee using TransFair's trademarked seal on their products. TransFair's Monitoring Department handles the US side of the coffee trail by monitoring licensee paperwork, including sales receipts and tracking numbers. Roasters must pay a licensing fee of 10 cents per pound to TransFair to ensure the sustainability of the system, and to ensure that costs for certification are born in the North rather than by the farmers.† The coffee industry proves to be one of the biggest global industries that is running throughout the world today. â€Å"Coffee exporting alone is a $20 billion dollar industry, mostly consumed by industrialized nations while being produced by the world's underclass†(Goldschein). With just coming second to oil, coffee is worth 100 billion dollars worldwide and is ahead of things like natural gas, gold, oil and corn. These coffee farms that are seen throughout Asia,

Utilizing Database Performance Using Column Store Research Paper

Utilizing Database Performance Using Column Store - Research Paper Example This technique of data storage has its benefits but again several questions still exist on the same matter. For instance, how row based systems be able to be customized to achieve performances associated with column stores? This is the kind of question whose answers we seek to discuss in this document. 1. Introduction The paper seeks to show how database performance can be increases using database column storage techniques. The paper will be divided into sections which include a brief description about the database column storage, an explanation on how column store can utilize the performance of databases, how database performance will differ by using column store and not row storage. Additionally, areas where column storage count will also be discussed; these are areas of application of the technique will also be discussed. Finally, recommendations on the enhancements of column stores will come at the end of the paper. 2. Database Column Storage Column store database systems can be traced to the 1970’s; this was the first time when transposed files were being studied; Then followed the investigations into the vertical partitioning technique of clustering table attributes on a database. The mid 80’s witnessed the experience of the advantages of decomposed model of storage (DSM). This was the predecessor to column storage technique. It was considered better than the old row based system of storage. Nonetheless, row based database systems still went on to maintain dominance of the markets as a result of market needs, as well as non-favorable trends in technology to implement the column based systems of storage. This was despite the fact that the DSM technique was very suitable and had potential for better analytical queries. However, the 2000s had good tidings for research on column storage systems. Commercial systems of the same took off instantly. In this paper, we look at the technology and the application trends which have led to the renaissance of commercialization of the column stores. In comparison to the row-oriented stores of data, the column oriented, database systems were read optimized; this means that the when a query is sent, access is granted to the required fields only, and a reduction in disk input output processes and time is registered. student_Id Firstname Lastname Grade 1 James Smith A 2 Cathy Jones A- 3 Elizabeth Queen C Table 1: Sample Database Table In a computer, the database information has to be converted and bytes for storage in the hard drive or to be written onto the RAM. For row-based storages, the data in the database is serialized according to the values in each of the rows; then follows the data in the next row. The data is arranged as follows, in the row based model: 1, James, Smith, A; 2, Cathy, Jones, A-; 3, Elizabeth, Queen, C; On the other hand, the column based storage system would arrange the data in the following format for storage: 1, 2, 3; James, Cathy, Elizabeth; Smith, Jones, Queen ; A, A-, C; Research on column stores indicates that, with compression, row-stores perform less effectively than column oriented systems. More formally, column storage systems store their data tables in the form of columns of data unlike the row based systems which store data in the form of rows of data; as seen in most relational

Advantages of Distributed Operating Systems Assignment

Advantages of Distributed Operating Systems - Assignment Example For instance, the design of distributed systems is such that a malicious program can easily be replicated across a large number of machines, and this can result in major damage (Moffett, 2004). To this extent, although distributed operating systems might attempt to enhance high reliability through fault tolerance, it is however clear that fault tolerance is hard to achieve. Secondly, the distributed operating systems are designed with the aim of enhancing performance. Evidence however shows that this is particularly a challenging concept since as these systems attempt to enhance performance; they actually end up conflicting with other properties, especially the reliability and security of the system. For example, in Amoeba distributed operating system, there are many applications that are replicated, an example being the databases (Tanenbaum, et al, 1990). These replications help this operating system to support fault tolerance, there enhancing its performance and reliability. However, it should be noted that as the software and hardware components are increased to enhance fault tolerance, this may end up negatively affecting the security and overall performance of the system. Third, there is evidence to show that indeed distributed operating systems helps to enhance communication. In many of these systems, communication is mainly through messages. This allows for communication in distributed operating system easy and efficient. In many cases, the communication needs in distributed operating systems are of the request/response type (Mullender, 1988). This allows for message passing to be embedded in protocols for the remote operations. In this case, a process sends a request to another process and the request is carried out and the response returned to the initial process. Through such a mechanism, the communication process in a distributed